Almost everything smart and connected we see and use in our daily lives is powered by a chip: a single-board computer. While tiny, they drive a remarkable amount of the technology we rely on.

To understand the core of this prevalent technology and explore its potential, let's start by defining what a single-board computer really is and how it can be used.

What is a Single-Board Computer?

A single-board computer, or SBC, is basically a compact computer that has a built-in processor, memory, storage, and I/O ports.

All these components are integrated on a single circuit board. Often, this includes a system on a chip (SoC), which is a key component of many SBCs.

Common SBCs we use nowadays include Raspberry Pi, BeagleBoard, ODROID, Khadas VIM, PINE, and ROCK, etc. These small computer boards have a wide range of applications, from personal projects and educational purposes to more demanding industrial and commercial uses.

Advantages of Single-Board Computers

When it comes to compact, efficient, and versatile computing solutions, single-board computers offer a long list of advantages:

• Compact Design

Embedded single-board computers pack a whole lot of functionality into a small footprint: processor, memory, storage, input/output interfaces.

Their small size means they can be easily integrated in applications with limited space, like robotics, wearable technology, and in-vehicle systems.

• Low Power Consumption 

To adapt to long-term operation needs and battery power supply, embedded single-board computers have a low-power design. This helps reduce operating costs and environmental impact.

They’re energy efficient, making them particularly suitable for IoT and embedded systems where prolonged operation and thermal management are critical.

• Cost-Effectiveness

Compared to traditional computers, SBCs are more cost-effective because they have a shorter design and production cycle. In large-scale deployments, they offer significant cost savings.

• Highly Customizable

SBCs offer great flexibility because processor, memory, and other interfaces can be customized to fit the needs of specific applications.

• High Stability

Embedded systems usually have a fanless design and require little maintenance, making them more reliable.

They also undergo rigorous testing and verification to ensure they can continue operating in harsh environments.

• Good Scalability

Although small in size, many embedded single-board computers are compatible with a wide range of hardware. They provide rich expansion interfaces, such as GPIO, USB, Ethernet, etc.

Disadvantages of Single-Board Computers

However, SBCs also come with certain limitations that are important to know:

• Performance Limitations

Compared to multiple-board systems, embedded single-board computers often have performance limitations because of their smaller size and lower power usage. They may not be the best option for applications that require a lot of processing power, such as complex industrial setups that need multi-channel high-speed data transmission. A standard SBC might not have enough data bandwidth or the necessary interfaces.

• Long Learning Curve

It can take some time for users who aren’t familiar with embedded system development to learn the intricacies. This may include learning new programming languages, specialized tools, and how these systems interact with the real-world.

• Smaller Ecosystem

The ecosystem of SBCs are smaller and more limited compared to mainstream computer platforms like traditional PCs or mobile devices. A smaller market size can translate to a limited amount of readily available software, libraries, and community support.

• Difficult and Costly Customization

Although customization is an advantage, it also means that in some cases, you need to develop or customize drivers, firmware, etc, by yourself. This not only increases the difficulty of development but also the cost of it.

Different Kinds of Single-Board Computers

The most common size and shape variations for single-board computers include:

1. ATX

ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) is the largest of the three SBCs. Most boards measure at around 12 x 9.6 inches.

The larger surface area accommodates more expansion slots and connectors, and better compatibility with standard PC cases and power supplies.

They’re typically used in applications that need significant processing power, expandability, or when leveraging high-end industrial computers.

2. Micro-ATX

Micro-ATX is a more compact version of the ATX, while still sharing many of its capabilities. These boards are generally square, measuring around 9.6 x 9.6 inches. Although they have fewer expansion ports and connections, they deliver solid performance and fit more easily into smaller computer cases. This makes them a popular choice for industrial PCs and small form factor desktops.

For instance, many Micro-ATX boards, like JHCTECH’s MATX-I953, support multicore processors, feature dual LAN and multiple USB ports, and include expansion slots, making them a popular choice ideal for industrial control systems and medical imaging devices.

3. Mini-ITX

Out of these three, Mini-ITX is the smallest, as it was initially designed for small, lowpower computers. These boards measure approximately 6.7 x 6.7 inches.

Because they're so small, they usually only have one PCIe expansion slot and limited connectors. But, they’re designed for lower power consumption and can sometimes be passively cooled with built-in fans.

◆ JHCTECH’s Selection

JHCTECH offers a comprehensive selection of single-board computers, from the standard Mini-ITX and MicroATX to ATX.

We also feature even more compact SBCs, such as the 3.5-inch and the incredibly small 2.5" PICO-ITX. Our wide range of board sizes allows for flexible integration into different types of systems and applications.

What is a Single Board Computer Used For?

Single-board computers have found their way into many types of applications:

• Embedded Systems

SBCs are the brains behind many industrial automation and control systems. Their durability and reliability allow them to survive demanding environments.

From controlling processes on assembly lines to monitoring complex industrial equipment, SBCs provide the necessary processing power and connectivity for efficient and automated operations.

• IoT Devices

The Internet of Things (IoT) is largely powered by SBCs. These compact and efficient computers provide intelligence and connectivity for many devices — think smart homes and even smart cities.

They’re responsible for processing and relaying important data, facilitating automation, and remote monitoring. Basically, they’re enabling our world to become more connected.

• Education and Development

When it comes to hands-on tech learning, SBCs are an invaluable tool. Affordable and versatile, they make great platforms for learning how to code and connect to components.

These boards help bridge the gap between theoretical learning and real-world applications.

• Multimedia Applications

SBCs have been widely adopted for many multimedia usage, such as streaming movies and displaying digital signage.

Their capacity to process and output both visual and auditory content is why they’re a popular cost-effective and customizable solution for many applications.

• Medical and Health

The medical and health sectors are increasingly turning to single-board computers to improve patient care.

The small size and connectability are opening up new possibilities for portable diagnostics, remote patient care devices, and efficient healthcare data management systems.

FAQs

Q1:What is the Difference Between a Single-Board Computer and a Traditional Computer?

A single-board computer is a system built on a single circuit board. So, it doesn’t require a chassis to add or store components.

Contrary, a traditional computer has separate components that are housed in a case and need internal wiring.

Q2: What is the General Operating Temperature that Single-Board Computers Can Support?

Single-board computers support a general operating temperature range of 0 to 60 . But many industrial-grade SBCs are engineered to withstand harsher environments with temperatures ranging as low as -40°C to 85°C.

Power Your Innovation with JHCTECH

JHCTECH's single-board computers can help you bring even the most ambitious applications to life.

Our boards are configured with high-performance CPUs such as Intel Coffee Lake, Tiger Lake, and Alder Lake — delivering exceptional processing power for demanding operations.

For example, the ATX-I980, which supports Intel ALder Lake, and offers high-speed connectivity, multiple display outputs, and many expansion slots, is perfect for advanced industrial automation and high-performance computing applications.

Our highly customizable SBCs are designed and manufactured in line with embedded motherboard bus specifications and Intel IEM industry specifications. To cater to diverse needs, we also offer expansion card slots such as PCIe, PCI-X, and PCI. Contact us now to learn more.